Romeo and Juliet Play Essay Example for Free

Romeo and Juliet Play Essay How does Shakespeare present two or three of the older generation and their roles in the play’s tragic conclusion? Romeo and Juliet is a play set in Renaissance Verona with a tragic conclusion of the two young lovers, Romeo and Juliet, dying. The whole play is about the feud between the Montagues and the Capulets and how their children, Romeo and Juliet, have to pay the price for their actions and hatred to each other. As a result, the older generation play key roles in the play’s tragic conclusion due to their actions and decisions. Juliet’s death in particular is influenced by her parents’ and the Nurse’s betrayal to her and their lack of understanding in her. These characters also influence Romeo’s death and other individuals of the older generation like, Friar Lawrence and the Prince contribute to the play’s tragic conclusion. The influences of Romeo’s and Juliet’s parents play a major part in the play’s tragic conclusion. We know this because in the prologue it says their ‘ancient grudge’ and their ‘rage’ will cause Romeo’s and Juliet’s deaths which will be the only way to ‘bury their parents’ strife’. Shakespeare emphasises the importance of the parents’ roles in the play’s tragic conclusion by using sonnet form and iambic pentameter in the prologue. The prologue implies that the parents play a major part in the play’s tragic conclusion because it shows that their ‘ancient grudge’ creates Romeo’s and Juliet’s doomed fate and the use of the sonnet form and iambic pentameter emphasises their importance. Among the parents, Capulet plays a key role in the play’s tragic conclusion, in Juliet’s death in particular. In Act 1 Scene 5, Tybalt recognizes Romeo’s voic e as a Montague and wants to ‘strike him dead’ but Capulet orders him to do nothing ‘Content thee, gentle coz, let him alone’. He keeps a peaceful attitude to Romeo’s uninvited presence and prevents Tybalt from starting a brawl. This suggests that if he hadn’t stopped Tybalt, it would have prevented Romeo and Juliet from meeting but his desire to appear as a good host to keep a good reputation stops him from doing so. Shakespeare shows Capulet’s desire to appear as a good host by using consecutive short sentences conveying contrasting emotions ‘Be quiet, orMore light, more light! For shame! Ill make you quiet. What, cheerly, my hearts!’ This implies that even when Tybalt wants to strike Romeo dead, he still talks to his guests in between his conversation with Tybalt, showing that he cares about his reputation a lot. Thus, Capulet contributes to Juliet’s death by letting Romeo meet Juliet because he cares about his reputation so he stops Tybalt from creating a scene in front of his guests. If he hadn’t stopped Tybalt, he could have prevented Romeo and Juliet meeting, therefore preventing the play’s tragic conclusion. Also, Capulet contributes to the play’s tragic conclusion because he agrees to Paris’s request of Juliet’s hand in marriage. In Act 3 Scene 4, after Tybalt dies, Paris askes for the second time for Juliet’s hand in marriage. Capulet agrees, not thinking about whether Juliet would actually want to be married to Paris and saying that she will do it, ‘she shall be married’. Also, he displays a sense of urgency and haste in getting Juliet married to Paris. Shakespeare portrays this in his dialogue where Capulet asks questions but doesn’t let Paris answer and carries on ‘Will you be ready? Do you like this haste?’ This is reminiscent of the first time Paris askes for Juliet’s hand in marriage in Act 1 Scene 2 because his response was that Juliet is too young and that he should ‘let two more summers wither in their pride’ and that his ‘my will to consent is but a part’ because Juliet should agree too. From this response it indicates that he contradicts himself because instead of waiting two more years, he accepts his request and he agrees without Juliet’s consent saying that Juliet will do exactly as he wishes. His contradiction implies that yet again he’s thinking about his reputation and social status or that from Tybalt’s sudden death, he’s remembered how easily young people die in Renaissance Verona, hence his decision for Juliet to marry Paris as soon as possible. Either way, it shows that due to his single-mindedness and selfishness, he forgets about Juliet’s consent and agrees to the decision which evidently leads to her death. Furthermore, Capulet’s reaction to Juliet rejecting his plan for her to marry Paris contributes to the play’s tragic conclusion. In Act 3 Scene 5, Lady Capulet tells Juliet about Capulet’s plan for her to marry Paris. Juliet rejects this decision, saying ‘I will not marry yet; and when I do, I swear it shall be Romeo’. When Capulet learns of Juliet’s determination to defy him he becomes enraged and displays anger that even Lady Capulet, who agrees with Capulet’s decision, thinks that his anger is too much ‘you are too hot’. Shakespeare depicts this anger through the use of blasphemous language ‘Gods bread! It makes me mad’. This implies that Capulet is so angry that he even swears at God. Also, his anger is depicted through the use of animal language, calling Juliet a ‘green-sickness carrion’ and a ‘tallow face’ and how he lists what he’s done solely for Juliet having an effect of exaggeration ‘day, night, hour, tide, time, work, play, alone, in company, still my care hath been to have her matchd’. To add, Capulet’s anger is conveyed from the use of rhetorical/illogical questions and how he mimics Juliet ‘Ill not wed; I cannot love, I am too young; I pray you, pardon me.’ Capulet’s excessive anger suggests that he thinks Juliet is ungrateful for not wanting to marry his choice of groom for her and that he’s angry because calling off the wedding would cause him embarrassment and loss of the political power the marriage would have brought him. Capulet’s angry reaction to Juliet’s defiance contributes to the play’s tragic conclusion because he also ends up offending the Nurse calling her a ‘mumbling fool’ and a ‘gossip’s bowl’ which influences the Nurses change of attitude towards Romeo that makes Juliet go to Friar Lawrence wanting to kill herself rather than to marry Paris. Also, Capulet contributes to the play’s tragic conclusion by not supporting Juliet’s pleas for the marriage to be delayed a year and by yet again thinking about his reputation because if Juliet doesn’t agree it will cause him embarrassment and loss of the political power the marriage would have brought him. Another parent that influences the play’s tragic conclusion, in particular Juliet’s death is Lady Capulet. In Act 1 Scene 3, Lady Capulet introduces the idea of marrying Paris to Juliet. She describes him through metaphor ‘precious book of love’ th at ‘lacks a cover’. This implies that she thinks that Juliet can be the ‘gold clasp’ to complete the ‘unbound lover’. Through this imagery, it shows her attitude to the role of women in marriage; the wife is just a book cover or a decoration. Her view of a woman’s role in marriage is shown in her own relationship with Capulet where Capulet clearly dominates over her. This is typical in Renaissance Verona because during that time society was male-dominated. However, this is different in Romeo and Juliet’s relationship where there is equality to both genders. Also, she influences the play’s tragic conclusion in Act 3 Scene 5 by not fulfilling her role as Juliet’s mother. After Capulet’s reaction to Juliet refusing to marry Paris, saying that he will disown her, Juliet turns to her mother for comfort and for help. However, instead she says ‘talk not to me, for I’ll not speak a word. Do as thou wilt, for I have done with thee’. Shakespeare uses iambic pentameter to make Lady Capulet’s words sound like spell-like, that they have an important and big impact. This suggests that Lady Capulet contributes to Juliet’s death by not fulfilling her role as her mother, instead she betrays her with her words of rejection with added impact from the use of iambic pentameter. An individual from the older generation that influences the play’s tragic conclusion is the Nurse. Throughout the play, the Nurse plays a loyal and mother-like role to Juliet and is always supportive to her decisions. However in Act 3 Scene 5, the Nurse has a change of heart. ‘I think you are happy in this second match’ she says, saying that she speaks from the heart and ‘from my soul too’. Juliet is outraged with the Nurse’s change of heart because it’s like a betrayal. In the Nurse’s last line before she exits she says ‘Marry, I will; and this is wisely done’. Shakespeare yet again uses iambic pentameter to make the Nurse’s betrayal to Juliet have a big impact. This suggests that the Nurse contributes to Juliet’s death because Shakespeare’s use of iambic pentameter in her rejection shows the significant impact it has on Juliet. Also, it implies that the Nurse doesn’t understand that Juliets love for Romeo is the real or that she doesnt want to lose Juliet to an uncertain future with Romeo or that she gives up so praises Paris helplessly. Thus, the Nurse is presented as person who doesn’t like inconvenience, only encourages when the situation is convenient and her response to the inconvenience in this scene contributes to the play’s tragic conclusion because she betrays Juliet.

Criminological Theories Essay -- Legal Issues, Crime

Many of the traditional criminological theories focused more on biological, psychological and sociological explanations of crime rather than on the cost and benefits of crime. More conservative approaches, including routine actives, lifestyle exposure and opportunity theories have clearly incorporated crime rate patterns as a fundamental part of analyzing the economics of crime. Crime statistics are important for the simple reason that they help put theories into a logical perspective. For example, a prospective home owner may want to look at crime rates in areas of potential occupancy. On a more complex level, it helps law enforcement and legislators create effective crime reduction programs. Furthermore, it also helps these agencies determine if crime prevention programs, that have been in effect, have been successful. There are many factors that influence the rates of crime including socio economic status, geographical location, culture and other lifestyle factors. More specifical ly, Messner and Blau (1987) used routine activities theory to test the relationship between the indicators of leisure activities and the rate of serious crimes. They discussed two types of leisure actives, the first being a household pastime, which primarily focused on television watching. The second type was a non-household leisure event which was consisted of attendance to sporting events, cinemas, and entertainment districts. The focus of this paper will be to study the effects that substantial amounts of leisure activities have on the offender and the victim. Leisure activities not only make a crime more opportunistic for offenders, it may also provide offenders with motivation to engage in criminal activity. On the other hand, it may also be argue... ... such as walking in well lit areas, abstaining from areas know as â€Å"hot spots†, and letting someone know your whereabouts, are suggested. Also, these individuals should be aware of the risks that come with certain types of activities. In conjunction to awareness, individuals should be involved in family leisure activities so that their idle hands do not become the devils workshop. Parents provide the primary foundation in the children’s socialization; if this process is not effective or neglected the result could be detrimental. It may lead children to transition into adulthood without the fundamental skills that prevent the development of a criminal disposition. Now that routine activities theory has created a clear understanding of the economics of crime, let’s focus our research on which parenting methods could prevent criminality or crime before if ever develops.

Develop a business plan including financial planning

Develop a business plan including financial planning and marketing BY Ere-NY I am a fully qualified Offset Registered Children. Challenging takes place on the ground floor of my house In big and spacious room fully equipped and caters for all age groups from 0-8 years. Professional Qualifications and Experience I have previous experience in working full time as a children assistant, therefore I am updated with all the E. Y. F. S. Stages of development and will give you a daily profile of your child and reviews with a more detailed profile of your child's work.I am articulacy interested in role-play for children, mime and story telling. I also use a lot of nursery rhymes, singing and poems with children. Languages I am Italian, which I can teach if parents are interested using flash cards, games, and music. I also have a basic understanding of Spanish and French however my assistants are also bal-lingual in Spanish and Turkish. Food and Allergies All possible precautions will be taken to avoid the most common allergies such as nuts, eggs and berries. Wheat allergy can be taken Into account and discussed. All the food I give Is vegetarian and organic.This Includes milk (formulas are usually supplied by the parent). Food is given every hour to an hour and a half throughout the day. Alternatively you can bring your own which will be given at similar timings. A menu for the week is given at the beginning of the week. All meals include fruit or yogurt or fruit puree and fresh fruit is given at least twice a day and up to four or five kinds of fruit often. This is naturally seasonal. Assistants I have two fully Offset registered assistants, both working 20 hours per week on a Rota basis also depending on how many children we have to care at the same time ND they work from 8. 0 to 5. 00 and occasionally longer and one as standby to work odd hours/half or full days If the other one Is Ill or absent for any reason. Activities Each child under my care Is precious and uniq ue. Deferent activities are laid out to slut different needs and reading. Quiet but mentally stimulating activities are encouraged such as puzzles, drawing and other art and craft simple activities such as fuzzy-felt or construction toys such as leg/duple/sticklebacks. Play: Children have a structured day with age related toys, which are regularly washed and checked Children over the age of two will take a part in cooking – Artwork for children of all ages – Sure Start Children's Centre – Libraries -Outings to parks A list of what toys are displayed for the children Is made on a weekly basis. This then helps parents Identify what toys children are playing with, dally. Children can also access toys from shelves bookcases, and drawers that are mostly at their level even for children of nine or ten months. Equipment Is changed regularly to slut the needs of the children.School runs are also considered, if you would like to know more My house has a lovely big garden with all the outdoor toys and activities. The children, especially in the spring are stimulated to do outdoor activities such us planting strawberry and see it grow. Children's Centre is usually visited on a regular basis. Other days of the week parks, Wood Green library, toy libraries and places of interest are visited which include cultural and festive places such as a visit to see Father Christmas. Outings lists are made for the whole week. I do not charge for outings that are less than E.This means that within this time an eight-hour day is EYE. O. However I do work longer than those hours if required from 6. 30 am to 7. Pm. Longer hours than this may be considered. All rates other than the standard times will be extra and can be discussed. I also work in the evenings and rates will vary accordingly. Babysitting pm onwards which can be discussed I. E. Your house or my house. Overnight care is registered by Offset as can be seen my registration certificate. Reviews and parties. I have regular reviews and parties for parents. Sometimes reviews are Joint as some things may apply to several parents.Parties are a way of both parents and children socializing and children seeing how we all interact with each other. Location Wood Green, Perth Road NON, about 3 min by bus from Wood Green underground. Parking is freer before am and after pm however if you require to stay long time for a review I can provide you with visitors' parking permit. Comprehensive list of rates for other timings is available, please ask if interested Please book a time to come and visit any weekday, preferably not between 12 and 2. 00 as children are having their lunch and getting ready to sleep. Late afternoon after pm up to pm is preferable.

My virtual life Free Essay Example, 1250 words

The internal factors that might contribute to a positive outlook about aging include experience and high levels of knowledge; old people have gathered a lot of experiences in life for the many years that they have lived. Many old people, also, are quite knowledgeable. The external factors that contribute to a positive outlook about aging include material wealth and a wide circle of friends. The paths of retirement that seem most probable to me are continues, adventurers, and searchers. These are because these paths of retirement will keep me actively engaged in life. The experiences that could contribute to successful aging are my experiences in relating with old people, especially my grandparents, and my experiences in relating with people of all walks of life. I have no experiences that could have put me at risk of successful aging. The benefits of connecting with others throughout life and particularly during late adulthood include learning a lot from relating to many people and also having many friends to comfort and strengthen you in times of difficulties. If I could do my virtual life over, there is nothing I could do differently. We will write a custom essay sample on My virtual life or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page This means that people without siblings have are at risk for problems in coping with aging. My own obituary about my virtual life. The significant others who remain after me are my siblings, my children, my nephews and my nieces. My main accomplishments in life include my academic successes and raising my family successfully.

Functional Business Systems and Important Applications - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1146 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Functional Business Systems The advancements in technology and the internet have significantly enhanced the manner by which corporations do businesses nowadays. In this regard, most of the corporations have adopted measures to incorporate the same into their operations. As such, the term e-business has been introduced (Rainier Ciegelski, 2012). Generally, e-business pertains to the term often used in order to describe the use of the internet, networks and other pertinent technologies to support e-commerce, enterprise communication, collaboration and business processes that are web-enabled. This paper generally discusses the most common business applications that are incorporated into the e-business system (Rainier Ciegelski, 2012). The chapter generally identifies three important business applications, to wit: (1) enterprise application integration, (2) transaction processing systems and finally, (3) enterprise collaboration systems. The aforementioned app lications have numerous advantages and disadvantages to the business process. One of the most significant and obvious advantages of the aforementioned business applications pertains to the fact that it enhances the business processes (Rainier Ciegelski, 2012). In fact, these applications serve as a foundation to improve business processes such as the customer relationship management, enterprise resource planning and supply chain management. For instance, the enterprise application integration is considered of paramount importance to the business in view of the fact that it enables the company to share pertinent information throughout the entire structure in order to effectively improve the efficiency and the effectiveness of the business processes (Rainier Ciegelski, 2012). Furthermore, it has also been pointed out that the said application is also crucial to provide essential support to business processes that are necessary to the operations of business. Aside from enterprise application integration, another important application pertains to transaction processing system. Basically, transaction processing systems play an important role in businesses that are web-enabled. This is advantageous to the businesses in view of the fact that the fact that they provide superior service to the customers and the other trading partners. Finally, enterprise collaboration systems are also beneficial to the corporations in such a way that it enables them to work more easily and effectively, enabling the people to communicate, coordinate and collaborate (Rainier Ciegelski, 2012). Notwithstanding the numerous benefits associated with the implementation of information systems in the different organizations, it is undeniable that the same is likewise accompanied by various ethical dilemmas. Undeniably, computer technologies have significantly changed the manner by which pertinent data are gathered, stored, manipulated and communicated. More significantly, it has als o been mentioned that in this information age, most economic activities are based on advancements in technology. As a result, ethical and juridical issues surface with respect to the right of privacy as well as those in relation to the protection of intellectual property. There is no question that information systems are crucial to global businesses today in view of the numerous advantages related to the same. Without a doubt, global businesses benefit extensively from the adoption of information systems as it enhances the efficiency of the same, ensuring the high quality performance of the same which in turn results in the eventual success of the firm. Aside from this, information systems also aid businesses today as they operate in a global level. As previously mentioned, there are numerous costs that are associated with operating on a global level which could threaten their stability. Nevertheless, such information systems help in terms of bringing down the said costs. Unfortu nately, the use of information systems and other technological advancements could result in numerous disadvantages pertaining to the privacy of the employees and other substantial issues as regards the same. However, given the numerous advantages that global businesses can reap from the adoption of information systems, the former are advised to come up with various ways by which such problems can be addressed to maximize the benefits of the same (Rainier Ciegelski, 2012). Unfortunately, the said applications can also be disadvantageous to the corporations. Parenthetically, the disadvantages lie on the fact that the same results in added expenses for the corporations that adopt the same (Rainier Ciegelski, 2012). Aside from this, it has also been pointed out that the same also results in numerous problems for the corporations, exposing them to risks and problems that could threaten their businesses and relationships with their respective customers. In addition thereto, there are also numerous issues that the company may face as regards the incorporation of such e-business applications into their operations. Apparently, not all employees or members of the organization are ready for the incorporation of such into the system. In this sense, there is a need to plan for the proper implementation of e-business applications. Furthermore, the importance of planning is also attributed to the fact that it would enable the corporations to maximize the benefits of using e-business applications whilst reducing the risks associated therewith (Rainier Ciegelski, 2012). The importance of planning to businesses in modern times is undeniable. In its simplest sense, planning pertains to the decision that managers undertake in determining what they must do in advance, how to do the same, when to do it and finally, the role that people within the organization must play in order to achieve the same. Thus, planning commonly begins with the identification of the objectives of a certain company (Rainier Ciegelski, 2012). Parenthetically, their failure of the organization to identify such objectives would result in their ability to commence with the process of planning. It is therefore in this regard that planning is considered as the main function of the management. Thus, all the other functions of the management such as the organization, staffing, direction and controlling of the organization. As mentioned, planning is the primary and the most important function of the people that are responsible with the management of the organization. In this regard, planning is considered essential in all aspects of the organization as the absence thereof would render the latter meaningless. Researchers also consider the following as the main purposes of planning: (1) planning provides direction, (2) planning reduces uncertainty, (3) planning minimizes waste and redundancy and lastly, (4) planning helps in setting the standards used for the effective control of t he organization. However, while planning is considered as an important aspect of the organization, the same is commonly criticized in view of its tendency to impose limitations upon the proper functioning of the organization. According to various researchers, it is through the proper understanding of such limitations that the managers could ensure that the effectiveness of the plans that they have formulated (Rainier Ciegelski, 2012). The importance of planning is also associated with the fact that the failure to achieve the same would result in the eventual downfall of the incorporation of e-business applications into the operations of a particular company. Clearly, such failure would be detrimental to the business as it could effectively ruin the same. Reference Rainier, R. Ciegelski, C. (2012). Introduction to information systems: enabling and transforming business. UK: John Wiley and Sons. Don’t waste time! 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Workplace Diversity Communication between Management and...

Workplace Diversity: Communication between Management and Employees Workplace challenges come in many forms. One of those challenges is communication, whether verbal or nonverbal, between co-workers or between management and employees. Businesses currently are being affected by communication issues that are hindering production, satisfaction, and employee retention (Salahuddin, 2010). Communication is a vital key to effective and good management. Face-to-face communication is always the best way to talk to your employees but that may not always be possible, so a combination of verbal and nonverbal communication may be the best practice for your company (Chazanof, 1998). Too many companies rely solely on newsletters, bulletins, and†¦show more content†¦Making sure all employees have an employee handbook, a current job description of their position, holding regular meetings, face-to-face communication with employees, and ensuring yearly performance reviews are all great ways to communicate effectively with employees (McNamara, n.d.). McNa mara (n.d.) suggests that employers discover which type of communication works best for their companies to make their employees feel more involved with their company and to encourage them to communicate with management to avoid future problems. Give employees opportunity to provide feedback to their management team on a regular basis. The workplace is full of different leadership styles and generational differences that affect communication. The workforce has four distinct generations, and each generation has a different way of communication, which often causes havoc with management trying to hold together an age diverse environment (Salahuddin, 2010). Even though there will always be general disconnect between generations, understanding how each generation communicates will help management effectively manage and communicate with their employees. The four working generations are the Veterans 1922 – 1943, the Baby Boomers 1943 – 1960, Generation Xers 1960 – 1980, and Generation Nexters 1980 – 2000. Salahuddin (2010) says, â€Å"Generation Xers are leading Boomers, Boomers are leading Veterans, and Nexters areShow MoreRelatedThe Best Practices Diversity Management And How Do They Improve Organizational Performance?924 Words   |  4 PagesOlaitan Okusaga HRM 350 Cross Cultural Communication Essay Dec 29, 2014 Topic: What are some of the best practices in diversity management and how do they improve organizational performance? Introduction As we enter the new phase of modern labor, diversity in the workforce is rapidly increasing. This wave of multiculturalism is here to stay and cannot be ignored by the present workers or students that are preparing to take charge of the future workforce. It is in need of attention in orderRead MoreOrganizational Structure Of An Organization1130 Words   |  5 Pagesare assigned, controlled, coordinated and how information flows between the different levels of management. In an organizational workforce environment, there are several levels of management, such as managers, supervisors, team leads and coordinators. Their responsibilities are to know why organizational changes are necessary and they must effectively communicate that to the workforce to implement and sustain change. 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The reason for this is grounded in rising diversity issues which can lead to cultural clashes and sexual harassment issues but that is not all; conflicts of any kind can be detrimental to the performance of the entire organization and hence we need more effective communication strategies to deal with all these issues in the workplace. diversity management is one of the key issues facing corporate America

Growth Scenario of New Zealand-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.Bloxham claimed that New Zealand was the fastest growing of the 34 OECD economies in the last year. State the latest annual growth rate available for New Zealand and Australia and work out how many years it would take for New Zealands per capita GDP to overtake that of Australias? 2.New Zealand is considered a rock star Economy. Using the Income Accounting identity explain which sectors have performed well. 3.The Closer Economic Relations (CER) deal signed by Australia and New Zealand is considered a key element of which type of Economic Policy Consensus? 4.Explain the effects of the mining boom on the Australian Economy. Answers: 1.New Zealand, one of the members of the OECD countries, has been experiencing impressive economic growth in the recent periods. The growth rate of GDP of this country has increased from 2.5% (2015) to 3.1% (2016), with the GDP rising to USD 182 billion (2016) from USD 173 billion (2015). The per capita GDP of the country also showed substantial growth from $37,294 in 2015 to $38,320 in 2016 (Dailytelegraph.com.au, 2017). On the other hand, Australia has remained a consistent performer in economic growth scenario. The countrys GDP has increased from 1,230 billion dollars in 2015, to 1,260 billion dollars in 2016. However, the growth rate of GDP has slowed in the current years from 2.4% (2015) to only 2.5% (2016). The per capita GDP has increased from 51,363 USD in 2015 to 51,878 USD in 2016 (Data.worldbank.org, 2017). The growth rate of per capita GDP for the two countries can be calculated by using the following formula (Pitt.edu, 2017): Growth Rate of per capita GDP = GDP per capita of Year (2015) GDP per capita of Year (2016) Therefore, the growth rate of GDP per capita of New Zealand, = (38,32037,294) -1 = 0.027 = 0.03 (3% Approx) The growth rate of GDP per capita of Australia, = (51,878-51,363) -1 = 0.01 (1% Approx) To calculate the period of time both the countries will take to double the growth rates of per capita GDP, the Rule of 70 can be used. However, this formula cannot show the time period New Zealand will take to over-take the per capita GDP of Australia. To calculate that, the following method can be used (Pitt.edu, 2017): Future Value (FV) of GDP per capita = Current Value of GDP per capita (1+ GR)n [Where, GR = Current Growth Rate of GDP per capita and n = Number of years in future] Using the above formula the following statistics can be noticed for both the countries: FV for New Zealand = 38,320*(1+0.03)n FV for Australia= 51,878*(1+0.01)n n Australia New Zealand 15 60,228 59,701 20 63,301 69,210 Therefore, it can be concluded from the above growth statistics that New Zealand will over-take the per capita GDP of Australia within fifteen to twenty years from the current time. 2.Over the recent years, New Zealand has shown an impressive growth in its economy, with the growth rate of GDP being 3.1% in 2016, which is more than almost majority of the OECD countries. This growth is a cumulative effect of the growths in different sectors of the economy, which can be studied with the help of the National Income Accounting Method (Johnson and Noguera 2012): The components of GDP of a country at a particular point of time are as follows: C Private Consumption Expenditure in the economy I Private Investment Expenditure in the economy G Public or Government Expenditure (Both Public Consumption and Investment are included this component) NX Net Exports (Exports Imports) Mathematically, GDP = C + I + G + NX [National Income Accounting Equation (Cooper, Edey and Peacock 2013)] The sector wise growth scenario of New Zealand is discussed below: C- In the recent period, the nominal value of the private consumption expenditures has not increased considerably in the country. However, the real value of consumption has increased comparatively at a higher rate. This implies that the consumption pattern has not changed substantially in the country (Fairburn 2013). I- During recession, the private investment expenditures in the country, fell considerably, to 15.1% of the Real GDP of the country. However, post recession the investment expenditures gained pace and investment consists of 18.7% of the Real GDP of New Zealand in the recent years (Downes, Hanslow and Tulip 2014). G- Compared to the private consumption expenditures, the public consumption expenditures expanded at a much higher rate in the country, indicating a major change in the pattern of public consumption over the years. However, the public investment did not show any impressive growth, in the current period; it consists of 21% of Real GDP of the country, which is lower than 21.6%, the average for the last two decades (Parkyn and Vehbi 2014) . NX- The trade sector of New Zealand improved largely after the country experienced Liberalization in the external sector, facilitating easy exports and imports. Post 1980s, the country saw huge increase in the both the quantities of exports and imports. However, the increase in the volume of imports was much higher than the increase in the volume of exports, indicating that the country gained capability of importing more goods and services (especially technological innovations) (Fabling and Sanderson 2015). From the above discussion, it is evident barring the private consumption expenditures and the public government expenditures, all other components of the GDP of New Zealand increased impressively in the recent years, contributing significantly to its huge economic growth and making it one of the fastest growing economies among the thirty-four OECD countries. 3.One of the most significant economic phenomena, witnessed by both Australia and New Zealand, which contributed significantly in shaping up the economy of both the countries and became one of the major reasons of their current prosperity, is the Closer Economic Relations (CER), which came into force in 1983. The CER was mainly a free trade agreement between both the countries, one of the most successful one of its kind (News.com.au, 2017). Under this agreement, the main policies taken were elimination of all types of price and non-price quotas, tariffs and any other trade restrictions that were present between the two countries, which were creating impediments on path of their economic growth (Kelsey 2015). The main objective behind this step was economic integration of two leading global economies and creation of a Single Economic Market, which implied that all the goods and services that can be bought in one of these two countries would also be available in the other country. Unde r this agreement, the residents of both New Zealand and Australia were enabled to move, work and live in any of these countries freely, which facilitated two way trades and employment significantly (Leslie and Elijah 2012). Due to this agreement, both the countries experienced significant growth their market shares in the global scenario, leading to a growth in their economy. With the advent of CER, many Australian entrepreneurs migrated to New Zealand and prospered hugely with time. The same also happened for entrepreneurs of New Zealand. The symbiotic growth relationships resulted in a more than eight to nine per cent growth of economy of both the countries (Kelsey 2015). New Zealand was specifically benefitted due to this agreement of free trade. Due to the creation of the Single Economic Market, it became immensely easy for businessmen of New Zealand to expand their business to Australia, thereby creating a huge exposure for their products and services, providing them a market almost the size of Queensland. Australia, on the other hand, became one of the biggest sources of the countrys FDI (Fairburn 2013). The economy of New Zealand prospered both ways, by gaining huge Australian markets and by draw ing huge investments from the country, contributing to the GDP of New Zealand. Therefore, CER is evidently one of the primary contributors in the fast and impressive economic growth of New Zealand in the recent periods (News.com.au, 2017). 4.Australia experienced a mining boom of enormous magnitude at around 2003, which was a result of a sudden upsurge in the demand of ores, especially iron ores, in the global market and specifically in China and some other Asian countries. This huge demand hike, increased the price of the goods, especially iron ores and the country experienced more than three times increase in the price of the iron ores that they produced in large quantities, within a decade (Downes, Hanslow and Tulip 2014). Like CER, the mining boom another significant phenomenon, this contributed substantially, in shaping up the economy of the country. The mining boom in Australia, not only raised the GDP and the GDP growth rate of the country, but also significantly contributed in raising the standard of living of the citizens as a whole. The main beneficiaries of this economic boom were the giants in the mining industry. However, the benefits also hugely percolated to the working class, who saw a massive increase in their nominal as well as real wages, employment and over all lifestyle. The private investment in the mining sector, increased from 2% to 8% during this period as more and more companies ventured in the industry (Langton and Longbottom 2012). The effects of the boom in the mining industry in Australia withered away in the recent period. The primary reason behind this was a massive fall, in the demand as well as price of the iron ores, the country exported, in the international market. This, as a result, lead to a tremendous downsizing of the overall budget of the country (Downes, Hanslow and Tulip 2014). Over the years, due to the boom in the mining sector, this sector remained a major contributor in the countrys GDP and the country over-emphasized on this sector, with increasing investment on mining, sometimes at the cost of drawing resources from other sectors, which had potentials to prosper. Therefore, with the downsizing of the mining sector, the economic growth of the country experienced an overall slowdown (Langton and Longbottom 2012 References Cooper, R., Edey, H.C. and Peacock, A.T., 2013.National income and social accounting. Routledge. Dailytelegraph.com.au (2017).The Kiwis are on our economic tails. [online] Dailytelegraph.com.au. Available at: https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/business/jessica-irvine/new-zealand-is-kicking-australias-economy/news- story/cdce93e5511f96f9b45a3406ddef4805 [Accessed 17 Aug. 2017]. Data.worldbank.org (2017).Countries | Data. [online] Data.worldbank.org. Available at: https://data.worldbank.org/country/ [Accessed 16 Aug. 2017]. 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